Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in water: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Daraei, H. and Oliveri Conti, G. and Sahlabadi, F. and Thai, V. N. and Gholipour, S. and Turki, H. and Fakhri, Y. and Ferrante, M. and Moradi, A. and Mousavi Khaneghah, A.

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int (2021) 28: 9498–9507

DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11261-6

Abstract

Cryptosporidium spp., as a genus of protozoan intestinal parasites, is recognized as responsible for cryptosporidiosis. The present study was conducted to provide an overview of the prevalence of Cryptosporidium based on water. In this regard, some databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were screened in order to retrieve the related citations from 1 January 1983 to 10 September 2019. The pooled prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was calculated by using a random effect model (REM) based on defined subgroups, including countries, water type, treatment conditions (treated and untreated), economic condition, World Health Organization (WHO) regions, and method of detection. In contrast, this index for treated and untreated water was 25.7% and 40.1%, respectively. Also, the overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. among all water types was defined as 36 (95% CI: 31.4-40.7). The rank order of prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. based on water type was wastewater (46.9%) \textgreater surface water (45.3%) \textgreater raw water (31.6%) \textgreater drinking water (25.5%) \textgreater reservoirs water (24.5%) \textgreater groundwater (18.8%) \textgreater swimming pool water (7.5%) \textgreater marine water (0.20%). Identifying the key contributing factors to Cryptosporidium spp. survival can help provide solutions at both local and global scales.

Citation

Daraei, H., Oliveri Conti, G., Sahlabadi, F., Thai, V. N., Gholipour, S., Turki, H., Fakhri, Y., Ferrante, M., Moradi, A., & Mousavi Khaneghah, A. (2021). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in water: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 28(8), 9498–9507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11261-6 Animals, Prevalence, Meta-analysis, Systematic review, Water, Cryptosporidiosis, *Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology, *Cryptosporidium, *Groundwater, Contamination, Drinking water

Keywords

• Animals
• Prevalence
• Meta-analysis
• Systematic review
• Water
• Cryptosporidiosis
• *Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology
• *Cryptosporidium
• *Groundwater
• Contamination
• Drinking water