Prevalence of Anaplasma species in India and the World in dairy animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Krishnamoorthy, Paramanandham and Ashwini, Mohankumar and Suresh, K. P. and Jacob, S. S. and Parimal, Roy

Research in Veterinary Science (2019) 123: 159–170

DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.013

Abstract

In the present study, the prevalence of Anaplasma species in diary animals from India and World was estimated using meta-analysis. Based on systematic review of studies on Anaplasma species from India [35] and World [66] from 1988 to 2017 and 1978-2017, respectively, using online databases and offline literatures, meta-analysis using meta package in R-Software was done. Prevalence of Anaplasma species in India and World were 11% [95% level, Confidence Interval[CI] 7-16%, Prediction Interval[PI] 1-69%] and 39% [95% level, CI 30-49%, PI 2-95%], and these were obtained using 31,117 and 46,365 samples, respectively. Period-wise analysis revealed high Anaplasma species prevalence before 2011 for India and the World than from 2011 through 2017. Zone-wise prevalence indicated high prevalence in Central zone [61%] and low in West and South zones [6%] in India, and continent-wise, it was high in South America [82%]. The studies used methods including blood smear examination, serology and nucleic acid-based techniques and revealed high prevalence in serology for India [34%] and World [46%], low prevalence by blood smear for India [7%] and World [21%], but higher sensitivity using nucleic acid-based techniques. Species-wise indicated higher prevalence in cattle [12%] than buffaloes [2%] in India. Prevalence was lower in India compared to the World and higher in South America. Overall, anaplasmosis causes low productivity in dairy animals and economic loss to dairy farmers. Hence, there is a need to control Anaplasma infections in high risk areas by adopting effective therapeutic and preventive measures so as to improve the economic benefits in dairy farming.

Citation

Krishnamoorthy, P., Ashwini, M., Suresh, K. P., Jacob, S. S., & Parimal, R. (2019). Prevalence of Anaplasma species in India and the World in dairy animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Research in Veterinary Science, 123, 159–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.013 Animals, Cattle, Prevalence, cattle, meta-analysis, South America, techniques, Techniques and Methodology [ZZ900], systematic reviews, Dairy Animals [LL110], data analysis, research, studies, bacterium, productivity, Information and Documentation [CC300], infections, animal diseases, tick-borne diseases, bacterial diseases, databases, data banks, Meta-analysis, dairy herds, incidence, bacterial infections, bacterioses, tickborne diseases, dairy farming, Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Animals [LL821], farmers, farming, Anaplasma, Anaplasma infections, anaplasmoses, rickettsial diseases, losses, serology, buffaloes, India, dairy farmers, Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*microbiology, *Anaplasma, Anaplasma species, Anaplasmosis/epidemiology/*microbiology, World, veterinary science

Keywords

• Animals
• Cattle
• Prevalence
• cattle
• meta-analysis
• South America
• techniques
• Techniques and Methodology [ZZ900]
• systematic reviews
• Dairy Animals [LL110]
• data analysis
• research
• studies
• bacterium
• productivity
• Information and Documentation [CC300]
• infections
• animal diseases
• tick-borne diseases
• bacterial diseases
• databases
• data banks
• Meta-analysis
• dairy herds
• incidence
• bacterial infections
• bacterioses
• tickborne diseases
• dairy farming
• Prion
• Viral
• Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Animals [LL821]
• farmers
• farming
• Anaplasma
• Anaplasma infections
• anaplasmoses
• rickettsial diseases
• losses
• serology
• buffaloes
• India
• dairy farmers
• Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/*microbiology
• *Anaplasma
• Anaplasma species
• Anaplasmosis/epidemiology/*microbiology
• World
• veterinary science