Synthetic Scaffold/Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) Tissue Engineering Constructs for Bone Defect Treatment: An Animal Studies Literature Review

Lorusso, F. and Inchingolo, F. and Dipalma, G. and Postiglione, F. and Fulle, S. and Scarano, A.

Int J Mol Sci (2020) 21:

DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249765

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recently a greater interest in tissue engineering for the treatment of large bone defect has been reported. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effectiveness of dental pulp stem cells and synthetic block complexes for bone defect treatment in preclinical in vivo articles. METHODS: The electronic database and manual search was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, and EMBASE. The papers identified were submitted for risk-of-bias assessment and classified according to new bone formation, bone graft characteristics, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) culture passages and amount of experimental data. The meta-analysis assessment was conducted to assess new bone formation in test sites with DPSCs/synthetic blocks vs. synthetic block alone. RESULTS: The database search identified a total of 348 papers. After the initial screening, 30 studies were included, according to the different animal models: 19 papers on rats, 3 articles on rabbits, 2 manuscripts on sheep and 4 papers on swine. The meta-analysis evaluation showed a significantly increase in new bone formation in favor of DPSCs/synthetic scaffold complexes, if compared to the control at 4 weeks (Mean Diff: 17.09%, 95% CI: 15.16-18.91%, p \textless 0.01) and at 8 weeks (Mean Diff: 14.86%, 95% CI: 1.82-27.91%, p \textless 0.01) in rats calvaria bone defects. CONCLUSION: The synthetic scaffolds in association of DPSCs used for the treatment of bone defects showed encouraging results of early new bone formation in preclinical animal studies and could represent a useful resource for regenerative bone augmentation procedures.

Citation

Lorusso, F., Inchingolo, F., Dipalma, G., Postiglione, F., Fulle, S., & Scarano, A. (2020). Synthetic Scaffold/Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) Tissue Engineering Constructs for Bone Defect Treatment: An Animal Studies Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci, 21(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249765 tissue engineering, bone regeneration, dental pulp stem cells, synthetic scaffold

Keywords

• tissue engineering
• bone regeneration
• dental pulp stem cells
• synthetic scaffold