Muscle hypertrophy and ladder-based resistance training for rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Lourenço, Í and Krause Neto, W. and Dos Santos Portella Amorim, L. and Moraes Munhoz Ortiz, V. and Lopes Geraldo, V. and Henrique da Silva Ferreira, G. and Chagas Caperuto, É and Florencio Gama, E.

Physiol Rep (2020) 8: e14502

DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14502

Abstract

This study aimed to review the effects of ladder-based resistance training (LRT) on muscle hypertrophy and strength in rodents through a systematic review with meta-analysis. We systematically searched PubMed/Medline, SportDiscuss, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scielo database on May 18, 2020. Thirty-four studies were included measuring total (mCSA) or mean muscle fibers cross-sectional area (fCSA) or maximum load-carrying capacity (MLCC) or muscle mass (MM). About the main results, LRT provides sufficient mechanical stimulation to increase mCSA and fCSA. Meta-analysis showed a significant overall effect on the fCSA (SMD 1.89, 95% CI [1.18, 2.61], p \textless .00001, I(2)  = 85%); however, subgroup analysis showed that some muscle types might not be hypertrophied through the LRT. Meta-analysis showed a significant training effect on the MM (SMD 0.92, 95% CI [0.52, 1.32], p \textless .00001, I(2)  = 72%). Sub-group analysis revealed that soleus (SMD 1.32, 95% CI [0.11, 2.54], p = .03, I(2)  = 86%) and FHL (SMD 1.92, 95% CI [1.00, 2.85], p \textless .0001, I(2)  = 71%) presented significant training effects, despite moderate heterogeneity levels (I(2)  = 72%). MLCC increases considerably after a period of LRT, regardless of its duration and the characteristics of the protocols (SMD 12.37, 95% CI [9.36, 15.37], p \textless .00001, I(2)  = 90%). Through these results, we reach the following conclusions: (a) LRT is efficient to induce muscle hypertrophy, although this effect varies between different types of skeletal muscles, and; (b) the ability of rodents to carry load increases regardless of the type and duration of the protocol used.

Citation

Lourenço, Í., Krause Neto, W., Dos Santos Portella Amorim, L., Moraes Munhoz Ortiz, V., Lopes Geraldo, V., Henrique da Silva Ferreira, G., Chagas Caperuto, É., & Florencio Gama, E. (2020). Muscle hypertrophy and ladder-based resistance training for rodents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Rep, 8(17), e14502. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14502 *skeletal muscle, *rats, *cross-sectional area, *exercise, *strength training

Keywords

• *skeletal muscle
• *rats
• *cross-sectional area
• *exercise
• *strength training