A systematic review on the role of GRA proteins of Toxoplasma gondii in host immunization

Rezaei, F. and Sharif, M. and Sarvi, S. and Hejazi, S. H. and Aghayan, S. and Pagheh, A. S. and Dodangeh, S. and Daryani, A.

Journal of Microbiological Methods (2019) 165:

DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105696

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread obligatory intracellular parasite infecting humans and most of all other warm-blooded animals. Currently there is no any accepted vaccine for prevention of T. gondii infection. Many studies are focused on using of various excretory secretory antigens (ESA); and among them dense granule antigens (GRAs) being involved in parasite survival, virulence and replication processes, are considered as one of the predominant vaccine candidates. The aim of this systematic review is to prepare more comprehensive understanding of these antigens to reduce T. gondii infection in humans and animals. English databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, ISI Web of Science were systematically searched and papers evaluating GRA antigens published until June 2019 were selected. Evaluation of selected publications revealed that GRA4 and GRA7 substantially increased survival time of the experimental animals. It is noticeable that the maximum reduction in cyst burden was observed in BALB/c mice vaccinated with combination of GRA3, GRA7 and M2AP antigens (93.5%). GRA6 and GRA10 have shown high immunogenicity and GRA1 and 2 are important for virulence and induction of immune responses. This review will be helpful for researchers to conduct more effective studies in the field of immunization against T. gondii infection.

Citation

Rezaei, F., Sharif, M., Sarvi, S., Hejazi, S. H., Aghayan, S., Pagheh, A. S., Dodangeh, S., & Daryani, A. (2019). A systematic review on the role of GRA proteins of Toxoplasma gondii in host immunization. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 165(105696). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105696 disease prevention, Host Resistance and Immunity [HH600], vaccination, animal models, man, systematic reviews, human diseases, immunization, laboratory animals, disease models, Toxoplasma gondii, immune response, antigens, immunity reactions, immunological reactions, immune sensitization, Animal and in vitro Models for Pharmaceuticals [VV450], Animal Models of Human Diseases [VV400], Protozoan, Helminth and Arthropod Parasites of Humans [VV220], proteins, mice, antigenicity, immunogens, immunogenicity, virulence, virulence factors

Keywords

• disease prevention
• Host Resistance and Immunity [HH600]
• vaccination
• animal models
• man
• systematic reviews
• human diseases
• immunization
• laboratory animals
• disease models
• Toxoplasma gondii
• immune response
• antigens
• immunity reactions
• immunological reactions
• immune sensitization
• Animal and in vitro Models for Pharmaceuticals [VV450]
• Animal Models of Human Diseases [VV400]
• Protozoan
• Helminth and Arthropod Parasites of Humans [VV220]
• proteins
• mice
• antigenicity
• immunogens
• immunogenicity
• virulence
• virulence factors