Xanthorrhizol, a potential anticancer agent, from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb

Simamora, A. and Timotius, K. H. and Yerer, M. B. and Setiawan, H. and Mun’im, A.

Phytomedicine (2022) 105:

DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154359

Abstract

Background: Xanthorrhizol (XTZ), a bisabolene sesquiterpenoid, is abundantly found in the plant Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Traditionally, C. xanthorrhiza is widely used for the treatment of different health conditions, including common fever, infection, lack of appetite, fatigue, liver complaints, and gastrointestinal disorders. XTZ exhibits wide-ranging pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities, in addition to a protective effect on multiple organs. The present review provides detailed findings on the anticancer activities of XTZ and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Methods: Literature was searched systematically in main databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, with keywords "tumor AND xanthorrhizol" or "cancer AND xanthorrhizol". Results: Studies show that XTZ has preventive and therapeutic activities against different types of cancer, including breast, cervical, colon, liver, lung, oral and esophageal, and skin cancers. XTZ regulates multiple signaling pathways that block carcinogenesis and proliferation. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that XTZ targets different kinases, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis proteins, and transcription factors, leading to the suppression of angiogenesis, metastasis, and the activation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Conclusion: The potential anticancer benefits of XTZ recommend further in vivo studies against different types of cancer. Further, XTZ needs to be confirmed for its toxicity, bioavailability, protective, antifatigue, and energy booster activities. Future studies for the therapeutic development of XTZ may be directed to cancer-related fatigue.

Citation

Simamora, A., Timotius, K. H., Yerer, M. B., Setiawan, H., & Mun’im, A. (2022). Xanthorrhizol, a potential anticancer agent, from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. Phytomedicine, 105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154359 liver cancer, cytokines, cell proliferation, apoptosis, colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, animal models, literature reviews, in vitro, medicinal plants, genes, anticancer properties, neoplasms, skin cancer, skin diseases, gene expression, signal transduction, oral cancer, cervical cancer, cell cycle, carcinogenesis, transcription factors, genetic regulation, Antineoplastic Agents, sesquiterpenoids

Keywords

• liver cancer
• cytokines
• cell proliferation
• apoptosis
• colon cancer
• breast cancer
• lung cancer
• animal models
• literature reviews
• in vitro
• medicinal plants
• genes
• anticancer properties
• neoplasms
• skin cancer
• skin diseases
• gene expression
• signal transduction
• oral cancer
• cervical cancer
• cell cycle
• carcinogenesis
• transcription factors
• genetic regulation
• Antineoplastic Agents
• sesquiterpenoids